The physiological effects of mannan oligosaccharides

In the 1940s, Dr. Pillemer first discovered and reported a substance in the yeast cell wall that had the ability to enhance immunity. Later, through further research by Dr. Diluzio from the University of Toulon, it was discovered that the substance in the yeast cell wall that enhances immunity is a polysaccharide called oligosaccharides, and this substance was isolated from bread yeast. It is mainly composed of disaccharides to hexoses and has the excellent characteristics of functional foods: 1. Non absorbable: Ganlu oligosaccharides are oligosaccharides connected by β -1.4 glycosidic bonds, which cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body, and will not cause an increase in blood sugar, and can effectively reach the lower part of the intestine. 2. Increased proliferation of beneficial bacteria: Animal and human consumption experiments have shown that Ganlu oligosaccharides can significantly promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria in the body. After one week of consumption, the number of bifidobacteria in feces increases by 50-100 times, while inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria, and animal weight gain is significant.
The main component of the non immune defense system in the gastrointestinal tract is the endogenous microbiota, which is often divided into beneficial microbiota (such as Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus) and harmful microbiota (such as Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus). The beneficial microbiota mostly covers the gastrointestinal epithelium and plays a role in preventing pathogenic microorganisms from colonizing the intestinal mucosal tissue. The main mechanism of action of oligosaccharides is to interfere with the colonization of intestinal pathogens. Mannooligosaccharides provide bacteria with a rich source of mannose, which can avoid bacterial affinity with the intestinal wall. Since mannooligosaccharides are not degraded by digestive enzymes and carry pathogens through the intestine, they can prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the intestine. Pathogenic bacteria cannot use oligosaccharides as an energy source for their growth, while beneficial bacteria can be activated by oligosaccharides. This indicates that oligosaccharides can promote beneficial bacteria to become the dominant gut microbiota.